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- Pda Technical Report 26 Sterilizing Filtration Of Liquids 2008
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- Pda Technical Reports Free Download
Pda Technical Report 26 Sterilizing Filtration Of Liquids 2008
26 Sterilizing Filtration of Liquids Final Draft August 28, 1997 FINAL07.PDF PDA Sterile Filtration Committee John H. Robertson, Pharmacia. Download 'PDA Technical Report No. Petri dishes Phoenix Biomedical sterile and particulate-free petri dishes are made of crystal-clear, virgin, high molecular.
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Firmware refers to embedded software which controls electronic devices. Well-defined boundaries between firmware and software do not exist, as both terms cover some of the same code. Typically, the term firmware deals with low-level operations in a device, without which the device would be completely non-functional (read more on Wikipedia).
Contents
- Devices/Drivers Firmware
Devices/Drivers Firmware
Many devices require a firmware to operate. Historically, firmware were built-into the device's ROM or Flash memory, but more and more often, the firmware has to be loaded into the device by the driver during the device initialization.
Some of these firmware are free and open-source, and some of them are non-free, which means that you need to add the non-free and contrib components to /etc/apt/sources.list; see sources.list(5) and Debian archive basics (Debian Reference) for more information.
Firmware during the installation
In some cases the installer detects the need for non-free firmware and prompts the user to make the firmware available to the installer to complete the installation. This can happen, for example, with wireless network cards which often require non-free firmware to function (see ipw2200 for an example).
A suggestion, especially when installing on unfamiliar hardware, is to download the firmware archive for your platform and unpack it into a directory named firmware in the root of a removable storage device (USB/CD drive). When the installer starts, it will automatically find the firmware files in the directory on the removable storage and, if needed, install the firmware for your hardware. You can find firmware downloads for your Debian version at http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/.
In some cases, firmware supplied on removable media may not be detected automatically (e.g. 740503). In these situations, drop to the console and manually mount (see mount(8)) your removable storage on a temporary directory (e.g. /media).
Alternatively, you can use one of the parallel installer image builds that also include all the non-free firmware packages directly. We have 'netinst' CD images and also DVD installer images - see http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware/
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NetbootFirmware - Firmware for Netbooting.
Once the network is configured, Debian-Installer can fetch firmware from Debian repositories.
Location of the firmwares
Debian 8 'Jessie'
The newer version of udev used in Jessie only checks one directory for firmware files. See 729252 for details. Firmware files must be installed in:
/lib/firmware
Debian 7 'Wheezy', Debian 6.0 'Squeeze'
Firmware is sourced from the following places (see udev's /lib/udev/hotplug.functions and /lib/udev/firmware.agent)
/lib/firmware/$(uname -r) - Firmware provided by a package, specific for a kernel.
/lib/firmware/ - Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels.
/usr/local/lib/firmware - Location for manually installed firmware.
/usr/lib/hotplug/firmware - Firmware provided by a package, valid for all kernels
List of firmware in Linux kernel
To find which package provide a given firmware file, you can use this search page:
https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_contents
Here is a list of Linux modules requiring firmware to operate, generated automatically from stretch's linux 4.9.0-5-amd64 (Debian 4.9.65-3+deb9u2) kernel. Some firmware files are packaged for Debian, e.g. within firmware-linux-nonfree.
Note: this list may not be complete (because the firmware name can't be extracted reliably).
This is list can be built with this script below:
Module name | Module description | Firmware file |
acenic.ko | AceNIC/3C985/GA620 Gigabit Ethernet driver | acenic/tg1.bin |
advansys.ko | (none) | advansys/3550.bin |
af9013.ko | Afatech AF9013 DVB-T demodulator driver | |
aic94xx.ko | Adaptec aic94xx SAS/SATA driver | |
ambassador.ko | Madge ATM Ambassador driver | |
amdgpu.ko | AMD GPU | amdgpu/carrizo_ce.bin |
ar5523.ko | (none) | |
ast.ko | AST | |
at76c50x-usb.ko | Atmel at76x USB Wireless LAN Driver | atmel_at76c503-i3861.bin |
ath10k_pci.ko | Driver support for Qualcomm Atheros 802.11ac WLAN PCIe/AHB devices | ath10k/QCA6174/hw2.1/board-2.bin |
ath3k.ko | Atheros AR30xx firmware driver | |
ath6kl_sdio.ko | Driver support for Atheros AR600x SDIO devices | ath6k/AR6003/hw2.0/athwlan.bin.z77 |
ath6kl_usb.ko | Driver support for Atheros AR600x USB devices | ath6k/AR6004/hw1.0/bdata.bin |
ath9k_htc.ko | Atheros driver 802.11n HTC based wireless devices | ath9k_htc/htc_7010-1.4.0.fw |
atmel.ko | Support for Atmel at76c50x 802.11 wireless ethernet cards. | atmel_at76c502_3com.bin |
b43.ko | Broadcom B43 wireless driver | b43/ucode11.fw |
b43legacy.ko | Broadcom B43legacy wireless driver | b43legacy/ucode2.fw |
bcm203x.ko | Broadcom Blutonium firmware driver ver 1.2 | BCM2033-FW.bin |
bfa.ko | QLogic BR-series Fibre Channel HBA Driver fcpim | cbfw-3.2.5.1.bin |
bfusb.ko | BlueFRITZ! USB driver ver 1.2 | |
bna.ko | QLogic BR-series 10G PCIe Ethernet driver | ct2fw-3.2.5.1.bin |
bnx2.ko | QLogic BCM5706/5708/5709/5716 Driver | bnx2/bnx2-mips-06-6.2.3.fw |
bnx2x.ko | QLogic BCM57710/57711/57711E/57712/57712_MF/57800/57800_MF/57810/57810_MF/57840/57840_MF Driver | bnx2x/bnx2x-e1-7.13.1.0.fw |
brcmfmac.ko | Broadcom 802.11 wireless LAN fullmac driver. | brcm/brcmfmac43143.bin |
brcmsmac.ko | Broadcom 802.11n wireless LAN driver. | brcm/bcm43xx-0.fw |
bt3c_cs.ko | Bluetooth driver for the 3Com Bluetooth PCMCIA card | |
btintel.ko | Bluetooth support for Intel devices ver 0.1 | intel/ibt-11-5.ddc |
btmrvl_sdio.ko | Marvell BT-over-SDIO driver ver 1.0 | mrvl/sd8688.bin |
carl9170.ko | Atheros AR9170 802.11n USB wireless | |
cassini.ko | Sun Cassini(+) ethernet driver | |
cpia2.ko | V4L-driver for STMicroelectronics C!?PiA2 based cameras | |
csiostor.ko | Chelsio FCoE driver | |
cx18.ko | CX23418 driver | dvb-cx18-mpc718-mt352.fw |
cx231xx.ko | Conexant cx231xx based USB video device driver | |
cx23885.ko | Driver for cx23885 based TV cards | |
cx24117.ko | DVB Frontend module for Conexant cx24117/cx24132 hardware | |
cx25840.ko | Conexant CX25840 audio/video decoder driver | v4l-cx231xx-avcore-01.fw |
cxgb3.ko | Chelsio T3 Network Driver | cxgb3/ael2005_opt_edc.bin |
cxgb4.ko | Chelsio T4/T5/T6 Network Driver | cxgb4/t4fw.bin |
cyclades.ko | (none) | |
daqboard2000.ko | Comedi low-level driver | |
drx39xyj.ko | Micronas DRX39xxj Frontend | |
ds3000.ko | DVB Frontend module for Montage Technology DS3000 hardware | |
dvb-ttpci.ko | driver for the SAA7146 based AV110 PCI DVB cards by Siemens, Technotrend, Hauppauge | |
dvb-ttusb-budget.ko | TTUSB DVB Driver | |
dvb-usb-af9015.ko | Afatech AF9015 driver | |
dvb-usb-af9035.ko | Afatech AF9035 driver | dvb-usb-af9035-02.fw |
dvb-usb-az6007.ko | Driver for AzureWave 6007 DVB-C/T USB2.0 and clones | |
dvb-usb-dib0700.ko | Driver for devices based on DiBcom DiB0700 - USB bridge | |
dvb-usb-dw2102.ko | Driver for DVBWorld DVB-S 2101, 2102, DVB-S2 2104, DVB-C 3101 USB2.0, TeVii S421, S480, S482, S600, S630, S632, S650, TeVii S660, S662, Prof 1100, 7500 USB2.0, Geniatech SU3000, T220, TechnoTrend S2-4600, Terratec Cinergy S2 devices | dvb-usb-dw2101.fw |
dvb-usb-ec168.ko | E3C EC168 driver | |
dvb-usb-lmedm04.ko | LME2510(C) DVB-S USB2.0 | dvb-usb-lme2510c-lg.fw |
e100.ko | Intel(R) PRO/100 Network Driver | e100/d101m_ucode.bin |
emi26.ko | Emagic EMI 2 6 firmware loader. | emi26/bitstream.fw |
emi62.ko | Emagic EMI 6 2m firmware loader. | emi62/bitstream.fw |
fore_200e.ko | FORE Systems 200E-series ATM driver - version 0.3e | |
gspca_vicam.ko | GSPCA ViCam USB Camera Driver | |
i1480-dfu-usb.ko | Intel Wireless UWB Link 1480 firmware uploader for USB | i1480-phy-0.0.bin |
i2400m-usb.ko | Driver for USB based Intel Wireless WiMAX Connection 2400M (5x50 & 6050) | i2400m-fw-usb-1.5.sbcf |
i915.ko | Intel Graphics | i915/bxt_dmc_ver1_07.bin |
ib_qib.ko | Intel IB driver | |
io_edgeport.ko | Edgeport USB Serial Driver | edgeport/boot2.fw |
io_ti.ko | Edgeport USB Serial Driver | |
ipw2200.ko | Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 2200/2915 Network Driver | ipw2200-bss.fw |
isci.ko | (none) | |
isicom.ko | Driver for the ISI series of cards by MultiTech | isi4608.bin |
isight_firmware.ko | (none) | |
ivtv.ko | CX23415/CX23416 driver | v4l-cx2341x-dec.fw |
iwl3945.ko | Intel(R) PRO/Wireless 3945ABG/BG Network Connection driver for Linux | |
iwl4965.ko | Intel(R) Wireless WiFi 4965 driver for Linux | |
iwlwifi.ko | Intel(R) Wireless WiFi driver for Linux | iwlwifi-1000-5.ucode |
jr3_pci.ko | Comedi low-level driver | |
kaweth.ko | KL5USB101 USB Ethernet driver | kaweth/new_code.bin |
keyspan.ko | Keyspan USB to Serial Converter Driver | keyspan/mpr.fw |
keyspan_pda.ko | USB Keyspan PDA Converter driver | keyspan_pda/keyspan_pda.fw |
lgs8gxx.ko | Legend Silicon LGS8913/LGS8GXX DMB-TH demodulator driver | |
libertas_cs.ko | Driver for Marvell 83xx compact flash WLAN cards | libertas/cf8305.bin |
libertas_sdio.ko | Libertas SDIO WLAN Driver | libertas/sd8385.bin |
libertas_tf_usb.ko | 8388 USB WLAN Thinfirm Driver | |
liquidio.ko | Cavium LiquidIO Intelligent Server Adapter Driver | liquidio/lio_210nv.bin |
m88ds3103.ko | Montage Technology M88DS3103 DVB-S/S2 demodulator driver | dvb-demod-m88ds3103.fw |
me4000.ko | Comedi driver for Meilhaus ME-4000 series boards | |
me_daq.ko | Comedi low-level driver | |
mga.ko | Matrox G200/G400 | matrox/g200_warp.fw |
mn88472.ko | Panasonic MN88472 DVB-T/T2/C demodulator driver | |
mn88473.ko | Panasonic MN88473 DVB-T/T2/C demodulator driver | |
moxa.ko | MOXA Intellio Family Multiport Board Device Driver | c218tunx.cod |
mt7601u.ko | (none) | |
mwifiex_sdio.ko | Marvell WiFi-Ex SDIO Driver version 1.0 | mrvl/sd8786_uapsta.bin |
mwifiex_usb.ko | Marvell WiFi-Ex USB Driver version1.0 | mrvl/usb8766_uapsta.bin |
mwl8k.ko | Marvell TOPDOG(R) 802.11 Wireless Network Driver | mwl8k/fmimage_8363.fw |
myri10ge.ko | Myricom 10G driver (10GbE) | myri10ge_ethp_z8e.dat |
netxen_nic.ko | QLogic/!?NetXen (1/10) GbE Intelligent Ethernet Driver | |
ni_pcidio.ko | Comedi low-level driver | ni6534a.bin |
nouveau.ko | nVidia Riva/TNT/!GeForce/Quadro/Tesla | nvidia/gm200/acr/bl.bin |
orinoco.ko | Driver for Lucent Orinoco, Prism II based and similar wireless cards | agere_ap_fw.bin |
orinoco_usb.ko | Driver for Orinoco wireless LAN cards using EZUSB bridge | |
p54pci.ko | Prism54 PCI wireless driver | |
p54usb.ko | Prism54 USB wireless driver | isl3886usb |
pcnet_cs.ko | NE2000 compatible PCMCIA ethernet driver | cis/DP83903.cis |
prism2_usb.ko | (none) | |
pvrusb2.ko | Hauppauge WinTV-PVR-USB2 MPEG2 Encoder/Tuner | v4l-pvrusb2-24xxx-01.fw |
qat_dh895xcc.ko | Intel(R) QuickAssist Technology | |
qed.ko | QLogic !FastLinQ 4xxxx Core Module | |
qla1280.ko | Qlogic ISP SCSI (qla1x80/qla1x160) driver | qlogic/1040.bin |
qla2xxx.ko | QLogic Fibre Channel HBA Driver | ql2100_fw.bin |
qlcnic.ko | QLogic 1/10 GbE Converged/Intelligent Ethernet Driver | |
r128.ko | ATI Rage 128 | |
r8169.ko | RealTek RTL-8169 Gigabit Ethernet driver | rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw |
r8192e_pci.ko | Linux driver for Realtek RTL819x WiFi cards | RTL8192E/boot.img |
r8192u_usb.ko | 802.11 data/management/control stack | RTL8192U/boot.img |
r8712u.ko | rtl871x wireless lan driver | |
radeon.ko | ATI Radeon | radeon/ARUBA_me.bin |
rp2.ko | Comtrol RocketPort EXPRESS/INFINITY driver | |
rsi_usb.ko | Common USB layer for RSI drivers | |
rt2800pci.ko | Ralink RT2800 PCI & PCMCIA Wireless LAN driver. | |
rt2800usb.ko | Ralink RT2800 USB Wireless LAN driver. | |
rt61pci.ko | Ralink RT61 PCI & PCMCIA Wireless LAN driver. | rt2561.bin |
rt73usb.ko | Ralink RT73 USB Wireless LAN driver. | |
rtl8188ee.ko | Realtek 8188E 802.11n PCI wireless | |
rtl8192ce.ko | Realtek 8192C/8188C 802.11n PCI wireless | rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin |
rtl8192cu.ko | Realtek 8192C/8188C 802.11n USB wireless | rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_A.bin |
rtl8192de.ko | Realtek 8192DE 802.11n Dual Mac PCI wireless | |
rtl8192ee.ko | Realtek 8192EE 802.11n PCI wireless | |
rtl8192se.ko | Realtek 8192S/8191S 802.11n PCI wireless | |
rtl8723ae.ko | Realtek 8723E 802.11n PCI wireless | |
rtl8723be.ko | Realtek 8723BE 802.11n PCI wireless | |
rtl8821ae.ko | Realtek 8821ae 802.11ac PCI wireless | |
rtl8xxxu.ko | RTL8XXXu USB mac80211 Wireless LAN Driver | rtlwifi/rtl8192cufw_A.bin |
s2255drv.ko | Sensoray 2255 Video for Linux driver | |
serial_cs.ko | (none) | cis/3CCFEM556.cis |
si2157.ko | Silicon Labs Si2146/2147/2148/2157/2158 silicon tuner driver | |
si2165.ko | Silicon Labs Si2165 DVB-C/-T Demodulator driver | |
si2168.ko | Silicon Labs Si2168 DVB-T/T2/C demodulator driver | dvb-demod-si2168-a20-01.fw |
smc91c92_cs.ko | SMC 91c92 series PCMCIA ethernet driver | |
smsmdtv.ko | Siano MDTV Core module | atsc_denver.inp |
snd-asihpi.ko | AudioScience ALSA ASI5xxx ASI6xxx ASI87xx ASI89xx 4.14.03 | asihpi/dsp5000.bin |
snd-cs46xx.ko | Cirrus Logic Sound Fusion CS46XX | cs46xx/cwc4630 |
snd-darla20.ko | Echoaudio Darla20 soundcards driver | |
snd-darla24.ko | Echoaudio Darla24 soundcards driver | |
snd-echo3g.ko | Echoaudio Echo3G soundcards driver | ea/3g_asic.fw |
snd-emu10k1.ko | EM!?U10K1 | emu/audio_dock.fw |
snd-gina20.ko | Echoaudio Gina20 soundcards driver | |
snd-gina24.ko | Echoaudio Gina24 soundcards driver | ea/gina24_301_asic.fw |
snd-hda-codec-ca0132.ko | Creative Sound Core3D codec | |
snd-hdsp.ko | RME Hammerfall DSP | digiface_firmware.bin |
snd-indigodj.ko | Echoaudio Indigo DJ soundcards driver | ea/indigo_dj_dsp.fw |
snd-indigodjx.ko | Echoaudio Indigo DJx soundcards driver | ea/indigo_djx_dsp.fw |
snd-indigoio.ko | Echoaudio Indigo IO soundcards driver | ea/indigo_io_dsp.fw |
snd-indigoiox.ko | Echoaudio Indigo IOx soundcards driver | ea/indigo_iox_dsp.fw |
snd-indigo.ko | Echoaudio Indigo soundcards driver | ea/indigo_dsp.fw |
snd-korg1212.ko | korg1212 | |
snd-layla20.ko | Echoaudio Layla20 soundcards driver | ea/layla20_asic.fw |
snd-layla24.ko | Echoaudio Layla24 soundcards driver | ea/layla24_1_asic.fw |
snd-maestro3.ko | ESS Maestro3 PCI | ess/maestro3_assp_kernel.fw |
snd-mia.ko | Echoaudio Mia soundcards driver | ea/loader_dsp.fw |
snd-mixart.ko | Digigram miXart | mixart/miXart8AES.xlx |
snd-mona.ko | Echoaudio Mona soundcards driver | ea/loader_dsp.fw |
snd-pcxhr.ko | Digigram pcxhr 0.9.6 | pcxhr/dspb1222e.b56 |
snd-riptide.ko | riptide | |
snd-soc-sst-haswell-pcm.ko | Haswell/Lynxpoint + Broadwell/Wildcatpoint PCM | |
snd-usb-6fire.ko | TerraTec DMX 6Fire USB audio driver | 6fire/dmx6fireap.ihx |
snd-vx-lib.ko | Common routines for Digigram VX drivers | vx/bd56002.boot |
snd-ymfpci.ko | Yamaha DS-1 PCI | yamaha/ds1_ctrl.fw |
softing_cs.ko | softing CANcard driver, links PCMCIA card to softing driver | softing-4.6/bcard2.bin |
solos-pci.ko | Solos PCI driver | solos-db-FPGA.bin |
speedfax.ko | (none) | |
starfire.ko | Adaptec Starfire Ethernet driver | adaptec/starfire_rx.bin |
tda10071.ko | NXP TDA10071 DVB-S/S2 demodulator driver | |
tehuti.ko | Tehuti Networks(R) Network Driver | |
tg3.ko | Broadcom Tigon3 ethernet driver | tigon/tg3.bin |
ti_usb_3410_5052.ko | TI USB 3410/5052 Serial Driver | moxa/moxa-1110.fw |
tuner-xc2028.ko | Xceive xc2028/xc3028 tuner driver | xc3028L-v36.fw |
typhoon.ko | 3Com Typhoon Family (3C990, 3CR990, and variants) | |
ueagle-atm.ko | ADI 930/Eagle USB ADSL Modem driver | ueagle-atm/930-fpga.bin |
ums-eneub6250.ko | Driver for ENE UB6250 reader | ene-ub6250/ms_init.bin |
usb8xxx.ko | 8388 USB WLAN Driver | libertas/usb8388.bin |
usbduxfast.ko | USB-DUXfast, BerndPorr@f2s.com | |
usbdux.ko | Stirling/ITL USB-DUX -- Bernd.Porr@f2s.com | |
usbduxsigma.ko | Stirling/ITL USB-DUX SIGMA -- mail@berndporr.me.uk | |
vt6656_stage.ko | VIA Networking Wireless LAN USB Driver | |
wd719x.ko | Western Digital WD7193/7197/7296 SCSI driver | wd719x-risc.bin |
whiteheat.ko | USB ConnectTech WhiteHEAT driver | whiteheat.fw |
wil6210.ko | Driver for 60g WiFi WIL6210 card | wil6210.brd |
xc4000.ko | Xceive xc4000 silicon tuner driver | dvb-fe-xc4000-1.4.1.fw |
xc5000.ko | Xceive xc5000 silicon tuner driver | dvb-fe-xc5000-1.6.114.fw |
yam.ko | Yam amateur radio modem driver | yam/1200.bin |
zd1201.ko | Driver for ZyDAS ZD1201 based USB Wireless adapters | zd1201-ap.fw |
zd1211rw.ko | USB driver for devices with the ZD1211 chip. | zd1211/zd1211b_ub |
This paragraph is mostly meant to expose module/firmware. It should be improved to list the matching package names.
Computer Firmware
BIOS | Found on so called IBM-PC compatible computers |
OpenFirmware | Found on: |
EFI | Found on: |
Coreboot (LinuxBIOS) | Found on very few PC motheboards. |
PMON2000 | Found on the Lemote Yeeloong and embedded devices. |
Pda Technical Reports Free Download
Updating firmware
Firmware can be updated using fwupd or various vendor-specific methods.
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